lørdag den 12. januar 2013

Billeder og tekst udvalgt og oversat af Michael Perlmutter / Pictures and text selected and translated by Michael Perlmutter





Se også;


See also;

"Talking Dustbowl Blues"

Opkaldt efter den mand, som skulle blive den 28. Præsident i USA, blev Woodrow "Woody" Wilson Guthrie født den 14. juli 1912, i Okemah, Oklahoma, af Nora og Charley Guthrie. Woody var den tredje af parrets fem børn, men Charley havde ingen problemer med at støtte sin voksende familie.
Hans job i ejendomsbranchen gik godt, og han var også med i politik.




Named after the man who was to become the twenty-eighth president of the United States, Woodrow "Woody" Wilson Guthrie was born on July 14, 1912, in Okemah, Oklahoma, to Nora and Charley Guthrie. Woody was the third of the couple's five children, but Charley had no trouble supporting his growing family. His real estate business did well and he also dabbled in politics.



Woodrow Wilson 'Woody' Guthrie var en amerikansk protestsanger og sangskriver.
Han blev født den 14. juli 1912 i Okemah, Oklahoma og døde den 3. oktober 1967 på Queens Hospital i New York.

 

Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie was a U.S. protest singer and songwriter.
He was born July 14. 1912 in Okemah, Oklahoma and died October 3. 1967 at Queens Hospital in New York.



Woody Guthrie troede på det arbejdende folk, demokrati, fred, retfærdighed og menneskerettigheder, og han sang mod uretfærdighed rundt omkring i landet.


Woody Guthrie believed in the working people, democracy, peace, justice and human rights and he sang out against injustice around the land.




Woody Guthrie and Marjorie Mazia





This Land Is Your Land
 

Woody Guthrie:
 Naturligt født anti-fascist
af
Stetson Kennedy.
"Har du noget bevis for at Woody nogensinde har begået en eller anden illoyal handling?" Min advokat/ ven/nabo spurgte de to FBI-agenter, der var ført til hans kontor for at spørge, om det var sandt, at "en Woodrow Wilson Guthrie" boede imit hjem i udkanten af​​ Jacksonville, Florida.
"Tja, der er det,"svarede en af dem og fiskede fra sin mappe et 8x10 fotografi af Woody op, hvor han holder sin guitar med inskriptionen i store bogstaver hen over sit ansigt, DENNE MASKINE DRÆBER FASCISTER
!Fra det første øjeblikfascismen stak hovedet frem på den internationale scene - først i Mussolini's Italien, derefter i Hitlers Nazi-Tyskland, og derefter pålagt af de toa f dem i Francos Falangist Spanien - Woody sang sit hjerte ud imod det. Og længe efter Aksemagternes nederlag i 1945, forblev Woody en militant anti-fascist, indtil han drog sit sidste åndedrag den 3. oktober 1967.
Fordi fascisme var en dødelig fjende af alt hvad Woody troede på - folk, fagforeninger, demokrati, menneskerettigheder, retfærdighed, fred, internationalt broderskab,
you name it.Woody behøvede ikke at vente, indtil Mussolini hoverede,"Vi fascister har redet hen over det rådnende lig af parlamentarisk demokrati, og vil gøre det igen hvis det bliver nødvendigt!" Eller IlDuce's svigersøn, Count Cianoat rapportere,"tropper fra etiopiske ryttere blomstrede som roser, når de blev bombet fra luften". Eller for Hitler at præcisere sin mesterplan i Mein Kampf for 1000 års verdensherredømme, og en "endelig løsning for europæiske jøder". Eller akse-støttede fascisters omstyrtelse af den republikanske regering i Spanien eller den meget sene amerikanske krigserklæring mod aksemagterne.Faktum er atmange af os skærer vores politiske visdomstænder på værker af de britiske socialister, Sidney og Beatrice Webb, der endte en af ​​deres bøger i 1930'erne med spørgsmålet: "Hvad skal vi gøre?" Og svarede "Byg Populær Front mod fascismen! "
Ligesom
bogens hårdtslående sange til hårdt ramte
mennesker.Ifølge folkemusikforsker Alan Lomax i 1941, bestod Woody's livsarbejde i atsynge sange for at styrke den del af de fattige, og især deres fagforeninger i deres kampe for at ryste deres lænker løs fra de rige.Woodyvar, hvad man kan kalde en naturlig født anti-fascist. Men han sagde det - og sang det - bedst. Under Anden Verdenskrig hyrede det amerikanske "Office of War Information"ham til at skrive nogle "opbyggelseaf moral sange", men hans var så eksplicitanti-fascistiske så ikke en eneste blev udgivet. (The War Afdelingen har bragt en fire-siders booklet for at fortælle soldater, hvad fascismen drejede sig om, men Kongressen gjorde intet for at nogen skulle huske det og den er ikke set siden.)
"Det varikke om én, men to sider, de arbejdende folks side og de store bossers side," Woody skrev om. "Unionens side, og Hitler
s side. Den første tingHitler slog ned på,var fagforeningerne. Det bedste job, du kan gøre for dit land, ved siden af​​ at være en god soldat er, at være ambassadør for det arbejdende folk."Du behøver ikke at tage til Europa for at finde masser at gøre for at slå Hitler eller kæmpe forhvad der er rigtigt;ytringsfrihed, presse, radio, møder, kollektive forhandlinger, retten til at kæmpesammen for en anstændig løn, arbejdstid, husleje, priser... Den største ting, der sker lige nu i USA er os."
Det var de ting, Woody's sange var lavet af
. Han havde ikke noget imod andre der synger om kærlighed og sådan, men som han sagde, "En sang, der ikke siger nogetvæsentligt er ingentingværd." Selvfølgelig vidste han hvad hans var værd, og hvad de betød i forhold til sange om kærlighed, men det var to meget forskellige ting. Jeg kan huske at jeg fik mangeselvillustrerede breve, kradset ned medWoody's hånd:"Her er min nyeste sang. Håber du kan lide det. Hvis ja, send 25c."
Det var meget det samme, når det kom til at indsamle selv 25 dollars i honorar som Woody generelt fik for at synge
på scenen .
Woman a-
Cryin
og mig - Flyin
ud af døren
og ned på linjen!

DET FØLGENDE SKAL STADIG TILRETTES EFTER GOOGLE TRANSLATOR'S DÅRLIGE OVERSÆTTELSE (der er MEGET vanskelig for mig at formulere ordentligt)...
SÅ INDTIL DA - LÆS DET PÅ ENGELSK LÆNGERE NEDE

Ifølge hans
makker Cisco Houston, når et af disse skibe, som transporterer materiale til Storbritannien og Sovjetunionen blev torpederet (på trods af Woody's bønner mod "tin-fisk") greb han sin guitar, og spilledde i den heroiske tradition danseorkestre, når brandbælter ud i balsalen.

Og når et søsterskib gik ned med alle hænder om bord, Woody sang (som i forventning om alle de navne indgraveret Vietnam Memorialvæggen i Washington):

Fortæl mig, hvad var deres navne, drenge,
hvad wurrr deres navne?
Har du har en ven
På den gode Reuben James
?Woody var med rette stolt af sit medlemskab af National Maritime Union og holdt at betale sit kontingent længe efter, han kom i land.
Som alle sande folkemusikfilosoffer kunne han sige en masse med få ord, for eksempel," Hvis vi bare ville tage profit ud af krig, ville der ikke være nogen".

I sin notesbog den 4. marts 1942 skrev han i sin notebook i et brev til sin ufødte søn, dette:

"Måske skulle jeg snakke med dig om fascismen. Det er et stort ord, og det skjuler nogle nydelige steder. Det er intet i verden, men grådighed efter profit og grådighed for magt til at såre og gøre slaver ud af folk... Men fascisme kan ikke mere styre verden end en flok Pool Hall spillere og bøller kan kontrollere Amerika. Fordi alle tilnærmelse af mand, der arbejder i natur og historie og udvikling sige for alle mennesker til at komme altid tættere og tættere sammen
..."Hvordan kommer jeg lancerer ind i en snak om fascisme til dig - kun 4 måneder på vej - heller ikke her endnu? Fordi i den store verden... fascisme og friheder de eneste to sider kæmper... hverandre nuancer ind i kampen et sted, jeg ikke bekymret for, hvor du vil blive stående - men - hvordan kunne jeg nogensinde får denne bog skrev fuldt ud, med mindre noget af det var cussingud facism?

Som Tom Joad sagde til sin døende mor i Steinbecks Vredens Druer, "hvor det arbejdende folk kæmper for deres rettigheder, vil jeg være der". Det var Woody, hele vejen...
Vi var alle meget overbevist om dengang -som Pete Seeger har aldrig træt af at synge - at der var "en bedre måde på vej". Woody ofte sætte det i form af en stor dag kommer, hvor vi (menneskeracen) ville alle være medlemmer af" One Big Union".
En af de meste vige af Woody utallige bidrager hans sang, This Land Is Your Land, som har stort set erstattet Amerika (at omskrivning af God Save the King), som den amerikanske nationalsang. Dens omkvæd
:Dette land er dit land,
Dette land er mit land,
Dette land tilhører dig og mig...

Denne sang har slået rod i hjertet af amerikanere i alle aldre - alles kød er til det modsatte ikke modstå. Det Woody var ikke uvidende om denne komplikation blev dokumenteret af hans blid men fast revolutionerende formaning for os at "tage det roligt, men tager det!"

Det Woody's prænatal formaninger mod fascismen ikke falder for døve ører er afsluttet med Arlo Guthrie har sangkarriere. Ordet fascisme stadig kan forstås på den østlige side af Atlanten, hvor den forvoldte mest ravage, men det er stadig næsten uhørt i USA i dag.(For nylig, da en elev-lavet referat af en samtale med mig kom tilbage fra den mundtlige historiearkivet på University of Florida, det læste, "Efter faddist invasion af Spanien...")

I løbet af 1950'erne, hvor McCarthy heksejagt var på sit højeste, var Alan Lomax i London, og jeg var i Budapest,og vi begge bad Woody at pakke sin guitar og songbag og komme til Europa. Han har aldrig gjort det i kødet, men som en legendarisk folkehelt Woody Guthrie lever videre i folks kampe rundt om i verden.

Bare for sjov, lad før indgåelse mig tale med to apolitiske komponenter i Legend of Woody Guthrie: at han sov med støvlerne på, og spiste stående. Den tidligere var ofte sandt, og jeg har konkluderet, at den vane blev erhvervet under hans hoboin går, når man skulle være klar til at køre, når vækket af en jernbanebetjent. Og han gjorde dengang stigning fra et spisebord o gtage sin tallerken til en hylde eller mantlepiece. Hans egen forklaring: Der var ingen borde i en vagabondjungle, eller omkring patronens vogne afDust Bowl flygtninge.

Men arven efter Woody Guthrie, der altid vil stå menneskeheden til gode, er nødvendigheden af​​solidaritet i at kaste åget af undertrykkere, og bygge en bedre verden med fred og retfærdighed.

En af mine kæreste minder om Woody er May Day 1947, da vi marcherede sammen i de forfattere 'betinget af parade af progressive i New York City. Da vi nåede Union Square,Woody klatrede op på en afsats stikker ud fra en bank, for bedre at kunne høre talerne. En betjent spotter ham fra den anden side af torvet kom opladning med sin bil lystick og brølende,"Ge tOffa, at banken!
"
Woody klatrede ned med den største værdighed, sagde: "Godt officer, men lidt høflighed venligst. Glem ikke jeg hjælper med at betale din løn."

Bagefter, når to af os kørte til upstate New York for nogle møder, hvor Woody tid kom på mike han plukket på hans hovedbund (som han ofte gjorde, som for lus), og fortalte publikum:

"På vej op her og lytter til bilradioen, vi hørte speakeren taler om, hvad en fin May Day parade borgmesteren og alle de store kanoner og American Legion havde ned Fifth Avenue, og hvordan vi alle venstreorienterede 'blev tabt i shuffle over på Eighth Avenue"...s om jeg ser det, er, at vi har nødt til at gøre - holde shufflin'..." (kilde: Searchlight)



This Land Is Your Land

Woody Guthrie:
 
Natural born anti-fascist
by Stetson Kennedy.
“Do you have any evidence of Woody having ever committed any disloyal act?” my lawyer/friend/neighbour asked the two FBI agents who had dropped into his office to ask if it were true that “one Woodrow Wilson Guthrie” was staying at my home on the outskirts of Jacksonville, Florida.

“Well, there’s this,” one of them replied, fishing from his briefcase an 8x10 photograph of Woody holding his guitar with the inscription writ large across its face, THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS!

It did, too. From the very first moment that fascism reared its head on the world scene - first in Mussolini’s Italy, then aped in Hitler’s Nazi Germany, and then imposed by the two of them in Franco’s Falangist Spain - Woody was singing his heart out against it. And long after the Axis defeat in 1945, Woody remained a militant anti-fascist until he drew his last breath on 3 October 1967.
That figures, because fascism was the mortal enemy of everything Woody believed in - people, unions, democracy, human rights, justice, peace, world brotherhood, you name it.

So Woody didn’t have to wait until Mussolini gloated, “We fascists have ridden roughshod over the putrid corpse of parliamentary democracy, and will do so again if need be!” or for Il Duce’s son-in-law Count Ciano to report how “troops of Ethiopian horsemen blossomed like roses when bombed from the air”. Or for Hitler to spell out in Mein Kampf his master plan for 1,000 years of world dominion, and a “final solution for European Jewry”. Or the Axis-backed fascist overthrow of the republican government of Spain. Much less the tardy US declaration of war against the Axis.

Fact is, a lot of us cut our political wisdom teeth on the works of those British socialists, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, who ended one of their 1930s books with the question, “What are we to do?” and answered “Build the Popular Front against fascism!”

Like the book Hard-Hitting Songs for Hard-Hit People, which Woody put together with folk musicologist Alan Lomax in 1941, Woody’s life work consisted of making up and singing songs to strengthen the arm of the poor, and especially their unions, in their struggle to shake off the shackles of the rich. Since the function of fascism was the exact opposite, Woody was what you might call a natural-born anti-fascist.

But he said it - and sang it - best. During World War II the US Office of War Information hired him to write some “morale-building songs”, but his were so explicitly anti-fascist not one was ever released. (The War Department did put out a four-page booklet to tell servicemen what fascism was all about, but Congress made them recall it. Hasn’t been seen since.)

“There ain’t but two sides, the working people’s side and the big bosses’ side,” Woody wrote. “The union side and the Hitler side. The first thing that Hitler cracked down on when he took the Nazi Chamber was the Trade Unions. And it will be the Trade Unions that beat Hitler. The best job you can do for your country, next to being a good soldier for the working people.

“You don’t have to go to Europe to find plenty to do to beat Hitler, stick up for what’s right, freedom of speech, press, radio, meetings, collective bargaining, the right to get together for decent pay, hours, rent, prices … The biggest thing that’s happening right now in the United States is us.”

That was the stuff Woody’s songs were made of. He didn’t mind others singing about love and such, but as far as he was concerned, “A song that don’t say somethin ain’t worth nothin”. Of course, what his were worth, and what they fetched, were two very different things. I remember getting many a mimeographed, self-illustrated copy in the mail, scrawled over in Woody’s hand, “Here is my latest song. Hope you like it. If so, please send 25c.”

It was much the same when it came to collecting even the $25 honorarium Woody generally got for singing on stage.

“But it’s for a Good Cause!” protested one sponsor who wanted him to sing for free.

“I don’t sing for bad causes,” was Woody’s rejoinder.

Woody was never the armchair anti-fascist, mind you. When he received a wartime telegram saying “Got a dish-washing job on a Liberty Ship,” he jotted in his Notebook:

Woman a-cryin
and me a-flyin
out the door
and down the line!

According to his sidekick Cisco Houston, when one of those ships carrying material to Britain and the Soviets was torpedoed (despite Woody’s prayers against “tin-fish”) he grabbed his guitar and kept playing, in the heroic tradition of dance bands when fire breaks out in the ballroom.

And when a sister ship went down with all hands on board, Woody sang (as if in anticipation of all the names engraved on the Vietnam Memorial wall in Washington):

Tell me, what were their names, boys,
what wurrr their names?
Did you have a friend
On that good Reuben James?

Woody was rightfully proud of his membership in the National Maritime Union and kept paing his dues long after he came ashore.
Like all true folk philosophers he could say a lot in a few words, for example, “If we would just take the profit out of war, there wouldn’t be any”.

In a 4 March 1942 entry in his Notebook for a letter to his unborn son, Woody had this to say:

“Maybe I should talk to you about fascism. It is a big word and it hides in some pretty little places. It is nothing in the world but greed for profit and greed for the power to hurt and make slaves out of the people… But fascism can no more control the world than a bunch of pool hall gamblers and thugs can control America. Because all of the laws of man working in nature and history and evolution say for all human beings to come always closer and closer together…

“How come me launching into a talk about fascism to you - only 4 months on the way - not even here yet? Because in the whole big world… fascism and freedom are the only two sides battling… every other shades into the fight somewhere, I’m not worried about where you’ll be standing - but - how could I ever get this book wrote full unless some of it was cussing out facism?

Like Tom Joad said to his dying mother in Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath, “wherever working people are fighting for their rights, I’ll be there”. That was Woody, all the way…

We were all very confident back then - as Pete Seeger has never tired of singing - that there was “a better way on the way”. Woody often put it in terms of a great day coming in which we (the human race) would all be members of “One Big Union”.
One of the most everlasting of Woody’s countless contributions is his song, This Land Is Your Land, which has virtually replaced America (that rewrite of God Save the King) as the US national anthem. Its refrain:

This Land is your land,
This land is my land,
This land belongs to you and me…

This song has taken root in the heart of Americans of all ages - all the title deeds to the contrary not withstanding. That Woody was not unaware of this complication was evidenced by his gentle yet firm revolutionary admonition for us to “take it easy, but take it!”

That Woody’s prenatal exhortations against fascism did not fall on deaf ears is attested by Arlo Guthrie’s singing career. That word fascism may still be understood on the eastern side of the Atlantic, where it wreaked the most havoc, but it is still almost unheard of in the USA today. (Recently when a student-made transcript of an interview with me came back from the oral history archive at the University of Florida, it read, “Following the faddist invasion of Spain…”)

During the 1950s, when McCarthyite witch-hunting was at its peak, Alan Lomax was in London and I was in Budapest, and we both begged Woody to pack up his guitar and songbag and come to Europe. He never made it in the flesh, but as a legendary folk hero Woody Guthrie lives on in people’s struggles around the world.

Just for fun, before concluding let me speak to two apolitical components of the Legend of Woody Guthrie: that he slept with his boots on, and ate standing up. The former was often true, and I have concluded that the habit was acquired during his hoboing years, when one needed to be ready to run when aroused by a railroad cop. And he did on occasion rise from a dining table and take his plate to a shelf or mantlepiece. His own explanation: there were no tables in a hobo jungle, nor around the chuck wagons of the Dust Bowl refugees.

But the Legacy of Woody Guthrie, which will always stand mankind in good stead, is the necessity for solidarity in throwing off the yoke of oppressors, and building a better world of peace and justice.

One of my fondest memories of Woody is May Day 1947, when we marched together in the writers’ contingent of the parade of progressives in New York City. When we reached Union Square, Woody climbed up on a ledge protruding from a bank, the better to hear the speakers. A cop spotting him from the other side of the square came charging with his billystick and bellowing, “Get offa that bank!”

Woody climbed down with the utmost dignity, saying, “Very well officer, but a little courtesy please. Don’t forget I help pay your salary.”

Afterwards when the two of us were driving to upstate New York for some meeting, when Woody’s time came at the mike he plucked at his scalp (as he often did, as if for lice) and told the audience:

“On the way up here listening to the car radio we heard the announcer talking about what a fine May Day parade the Mayor and all the Big Shots and American Legion had down Fifth Avenue, and how all of us Lefties ‘got lost in the shuffle over on Eighth Avenue’ … The way I see it, that’s what we’ve gotta do - keep shufflin’ …” (source: Searchlight)